Which of the following is NOT a complication related to TPN?

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a method of feeding that bypasses the usual process of eating and digestion. It involves delivering nutrients directly into the bloodstream, which is typically used for patients who cannot obtain nutrition through oral or enteral routes. While TPN provides essential nutrients, it also carries certain risks and complications.

Liver damage, electrolyte imbalances, and cholestasis are well-documented complications associated with TPN. Prolonged use of TPN can lead to liver dysfunction because the liver may be under stress from processing the high volumes of nutrients and fats. Electrolyte imbalances can occur due to the complex administration of nutrients that might not align with the patient’s individual needs, leading to issues such as hypokalemia or hypernatremia. Cholestasis, or impaired bile flow, may develop due to the infrequent use of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting liver function and bile production.

Acute asthma attacks, however, are not a recognized complication of TPN. These attacks typically stem from allergic reactions or respiratory irritants rather than from nutritional support via TPN. Thus, among the options provided, acute asthma attacks stand out as unrelated to the complications typically associated with total parenteral nutrition.