Which of the following is a primary complication of TPN?

Cholestasis is regarded as a primary complication of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). This condition occurs when the flow of bile is reduced or blocked, which can lead to the accumulation of bile acids in the liver. In patients receiving TPN, the absence of enteral feeding can lead to reduced stimulation of the gallbladder, resulting in bile stasis and ultimately cholestasis. Additionally, prolonged TPN can alter the normal metabolism of bile and contribute to liver dysfunction due to the lack of nutrients that promote healthy liver function.

In contrast, dehydration typically results from inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss and is not directly associated with TPN itself. Constipation can occur, but it often relates to other factors such as lack of dietary fiber and fluid levels, rather than being a primary complication of receiving TPN. Hypoglycemia is also not a typical concern with TPN, as it’s designed to provide balanced nutrition, including carbohydrates, to maintain stable blood sugar levels.